casein hydrolysate  (Biosynth Carbosynth)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Catalytic Bacterial Nanocellulose Composite That Captures and Degrades PET Microplastics

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.05.730390

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Plot of absorbance at 280 nm as a function of temperature for a solution of enzyme (0.45 μM) in 50 mM glycine buffer (Gly-OH), pH 9.2. Data were normalized to offset differences in absorbances resulting from differing amino acid composition. The temperature ramp rate was 1°C/min. Quantitative assessment of the concentration of (b) TPA as measured by LC-MS, (c) total soluble aromatic products as measured by absorbance at 242 nm, at 20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C. Individual data points from 3 independent replicates shown with average (bar) and standard deviation (error bars). (d) The production of soluble aromatic products was continuously monitored by absorbance measurement at 242 nm over 300 min for both the CBD-PETase fusion and HotPETase at 60 °C. Graphs (b), (c) and (d) were generated from experiments using 0.45 μM enzyme and 2 g L -1 of μPET in Gly-OH (pH 9.2). All line graphs correspond to the average of n = 2, except for CBD-PETase in graph (d), where n = 3 for accurate representation of the lag-phase claim. Shaded regions of all line graphs represent the standard deviation.

Article Snippet: For E. coli expression of recombinant enzymes, 2× YT was prepared using 16 g L−1 casein hydrolysate (Thermo Scientific, AAJ12855P5), 10 g L−1 yeast extract (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, J23547.A1), and 5 g L−1 NaCl (Fisher Scientific, S271-3).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Standard Deviation, Generated

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: Increasing carbohydrates or nitrogenous compounds by cecal infusion leads to an opposite influence on colonic microbiota and host metabolism in a pig model

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of cecal infusion with corn starch and casein hydrolysate on energy and glycolipid metabolism of growing pigs ( n = 7). (A) Differences in serum metabolite abundance (expressed as log 2 ratio intensity) between the Starch and Control groups or Casein and Control groups, mapped to the enrichment categories of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. (B) Differences in serum metabolite abundance (expressed as log 2 ratio intensity) between the Starch and Control groups or Casein and Control groups, mapped to the enrichment categories of glycerolipid and lipid metabolism. (C) Comparison of glycolytic metabolic activity and the TCA cycle in pigs following cecal infusion treatment. The relative quantities of annotated metabolites and kinase activities are displayed as bar graphs, with results (y-coordinate) presented as log 2 ratio intensity between the Starch and Control groups (gray panel) or Casein and Control groups (black panel). Asterisks denote significant differences between the Starch group and Control group or Casein group and Control group (∗ adjusted P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The experiment lasted a total of 19 d, during which the pigs were infused three times daily (at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00) with either saline (Control group), corn starch (50 g/d; Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd., Zhucheng, Shandong, China) solution in saline (Starch group), or casein hydrolysate (50 g/d; Qingdao Hope Bio-Technology Co. Ltd., Qingdao, Shangdong, China) solution in saline (Casein group). outlines the basal diet's ingredient and nutrient levels used in this study.

Techniques: Starch, Control, Comparison, Activity Assay

Journal: Animal Nutrition

Article Title: Increasing carbohydrates or nitrogenous compounds by cecal infusion leads to an opposite influence on colonic microbiota and host metabolism in a pig model

doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2025.04.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed model for the contrasting effects of enhancing carbohydrates or nitrogenous compounds in the hindgut through cecal infusion of corn starch or casein hydrolysate on host metabolism via modulation of colonic microbiota. TG = triglycerides; TCA = tricarboxylic acid; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HK = hexokinase; PK = pyruvate kinase; ATP = adenosine triphosphate; NADH = reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide; FAS = fatty acid synthase; ACC = acetyl-CoA carboxylase; SCD = stearoyl-CoA desaturase; AOCX-1 = acyl-CoA oxidase 1; CPT-1α = carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α; PCK1 = phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1; PK = pyruvate kinase.

Article Snippet: The experiment lasted a total of 19 d, during which the pigs were infused three times daily (at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00) with either saline (Control group), corn starch (50 g/d; Zhucheng Xingmao Corn Developing Co., Ltd., Zhucheng, Shandong, China) solution in saline (Starch group), or casein hydrolysate (50 g/d; Qingdao Hope Bio-Technology Co. Ltd., Qingdao, Shangdong, China) solution in saline (Casein group). outlines the basal diet's ingredient and nutrient levels used in this study.

Techniques: Starch